Morphogenetic systems download page

M systems leverage the advantages of two powerful bio-inspired models, namely tile self-assembly models and P systems (also known as Membrane Systems). M systems combine these concepts and endow them with explicit geometric features and self-assembly capabilities. They may further our understanding of computation beyond the scope of traditional computer science, where shape and geometry are not native concepts, but rather that require enormous amounts of effort to build back in, while on the other hand, our understanding of the world is inherently dependent on it. Besides being able to compute in the Turing sense, a model should be able to interact with and “sense” its physical environment, so as to be capable of self-modification and unenthropical evolution, i.e., to increase its fitness (however defined) in its embedding environment. Membrane systems seem to be a good candidate, but a sufficient level of self-modification and evolution of new features is hardly possible in the current amorphous level. This evolution may produce new development of models in silico, a kind of artificial life closer to biological life as we know it. Morphogenetic systems were introduced in an article led by Max Garzon and Petr Sosik:

Petr Sosík, Vladimír Smolka, Jan Drastík, Tyler Moore and Max Garzon:
Morphogenetic and homeostatic self-assembled systems.
Unconventional Computation and Natural Computation, UCNC 2017,
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 10240, pp. 144-159, Springer, 2017,
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-58187-3. Download supplementary material 

Petr Sosík, Vladimír Smolka, Jan Drastík, Jaroslav Bradík and Max Garzon:
On the robust power of morphogenetic systems for time bounded computation.
Pre-proceedings of the 18th International Conference of Membrane Computing (CMC18), pp. 333-358, University of Bradford, 2017, available online, and also Springer post-proceedings version
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-73359-3_18. Download supplementary material 

Petr Sosík, Vladimír Smolka, Jaroslav Bradík and Max Garzon:
Modeling plant development with M systems.
Proceedings of the Nineteenth International Conference on Membrane Computing, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 11399, pp. 246-257, Springer, 2019, DOI 10.1007/978-3-030-12797-8_17.

Vladimír Smolka, Jan Drastík, Max Garzon and Petr Sosík:
Cytos: Morphogenetic (M) systems for modeling and experimentation.
Pre-proceedings of the 20th International Conference of Membrane Computing (CMC20), pp. 475-496, Bibliostar, 2019, available online
Supplementary material: Description of the M system modelling septum cells

Sosík, Petr, Smolka, Vladimír, Drastík, Jan and Garzon, Max:
From P systems to morphogenetic systems: an overview and open problems.
Journal of Membrane Computing 2.4 (2020): 380-391.

Sosík, Petr, Garzon, Max, Smolka, Vladimír and Drastík, Jan:
Morphogenetic systems for resource bounded computation and modeling.
Information Sciences 547 (2021): 814-827.

Sosík, Petr:
Morphogenetic computing: computability and complexity results.
Natural Computing (2021): online, free access here


An M System Simulator for MS Windows is freely available at GitHub, including source codes and a stable release. On some machines the OS might block the software. It can be fixed by clicking "More info" and choosing "Run anyway".

An online visualization of a self-assembly of cells and mitosis controlled by the cytoskeleton growth is available. If the online visualization would not run, there is a sample video available.

Another video simulating division of prokaryotic cells (bacteria) controlled by septum is available here.